## Seminars and Colloquia by Series

Series: PDE Seminar
Tuesday, April 10, 2018 - 15:00 , Location: Skiles 006 , , Penn State University , , Organizer: Yao Yao
In 1904, Prandtl introduced his famous boundary layer theory to describe the behavior of solutions of incompressible Navier Stokes equations near a boundary in the inviscid limit. His Ansatz was that the solution of Navier Stokes can be described as a solution of Euler, plus a boundary layer corrector, plus a vanishing error term in $L^\infty$. In this talk, I will present a recent joint work with E. Grenier (ENS Lyon), proving that, for a class of regular solutions of Navier Stokes equations, namely for shear profiles that are unstable to Rayleigh equations, this Prandtl's Ansatz is false. In addition, for shear profiles that are monotone and stable to Rayleigh equations, the Prandtl's asymptotic expansions are invalid.
Series: Other Talks
Tuesday, April 10, 2018 - 11:00 , Location: Skiles 006 , Prof. Oded Margalit , CTO, IBM Cyber security center of excellence at Ben Gurion, University of the Negev , Organizer: Prasad Tetali

[CV: Prof. Oded Margalit, PhD in Computer Science from Tel-Aviv University under the
supervision of Prof. Zvi Galil has worked at IBM's Haifa research lab on
machine learning,&nbsp;constraint satisfaction, verification and more. Currently he is the CTO
of the IBM Cyber security center of excellence at Ben Gurion University
of the Negev. Oded participates in organising several computer science
competitions (like the international IEEEXtreme&nbsp;and the national CodeGuru). He loves riddles and authors the monthly
challenge corner of IBM research: "Ponder-This".]

IBM research runs a mathematical challenge site. Every month a new challenge is posted; as well as a solution for the previous month's riddle. Prof. Oded Margalit is the puzzlemaster, for the last decade.  In the talk, he will survey some of the riddles over the years, and tell some anecdotes about the challenges and the solvers. For example: A PRL paper born from a riddle on random walks; ITA-2014 paper on water hose model (using quantum entanglement to break location based encryption); Games: 2048, Kakuro, Infinite chess game, the probability of a backgammon to end with a double, Fisher Foul Chess and more. Minimal hash function, Combinatorial Test Design; A solver from Intensive Care Unit and other stories; Finding a natural number n such that round ((1+2 cos(20))^n) is divisible by 10^9; We'll leave you with a still open question about Permutation-firing cannon...  Don't worry - no high math knowledge is assumed.
Tuesday, April 10, 2018 - 11:00 , Location: Skiles 006 , Prof. Oded Margalit , CTO, IBM Cybersecurity Center of Excellence, Beer Sheva, Israel , Organizer: Lutz Warnke

[CV: Prof. Oded Margalit has a PhD in computer science from Tel Aviv University under the supervision of Prof. Zvi Galil. He has worked at IBM Research – Haifa in the areas of machine learning, constraint satisfaction, verification, and more. Currently, he is the CTO of the IBM Cybersecurity Center of Excellence in Beer Sheva, Israel. Oded helps organize several computer science competitions, like the international IEEEXtreme and the Israeli national CodeGuru competition. He loves riddles and authors the IBM Research monthly challenge corner Ponder This.]

For the sake of puzzle-lovers worldwide, IBM Research offers a monthly mathematical challenge known as Ponder This. Every month, a new challenge is posted together with the solution for the previous month's riddle. Prof. Oded Margalit has served as the Ponder This puzzlemaster for the last decade. In this talk, he’ll survey some of most interesting riddles posted over the years, and tell some anecdotes about various challenges and regular solvers, such as one person who sent in his solution from an intensive care unit. Several challenges have led to conference and journal papers, such as a PRL paper born from a riddle on random walks, and an ITA 2014 paper on a water hose model (using quantum entanglement to break location-based encryption). Other monthly challenges have riffed on games such as 2048, Kakuro, an infinite chess game, the probability of backgammon ending with a double, Fischer Random Chess, and more. Other challenges have been more purely mathematic, focusing on minimal hash functions, combinatorial test design, or finding a natural number n such that round ((1+2 cos(20))^n) is divisible by 10^9. The talk will present a still-open question about a permutation-firing cannon. The talk will be self contained.
Monday, April 9, 2018 - 15:05 , Location: Skiles 005 or 006 , , MIT / Aalto University , Organizer: Anton Leykin
Given data and a statistical model, the maximum likelihood estimate is the point of the statistical model that maximizes the probability of observing the data. In this talk, I will address three different approaches to maximum likelihood estimation using algebraic methods. These three approaches use boundary stratification of the statistical model, numerical algebraic geometry and the EM fixed point ideal.  This talk is based on joint work with Allman, Cervantes, Evans, Hoşten, Kosta, Lemke, Rhodes, Robeva, Sturmfels, and Zwiernik.
Monday, April 9, 2018 - 14:00 , Location: Skiles 006 , Bahar Acu , Northwestern University , Organizer: John Etnyre
Planar contact manifolds have been intensively studied to understand several aspects of 3-dimensional contact geometry. In this talk, we define "iterated planar contact manifolds", a higher-dimensional analog of planar contact manifolds, by using topological tools such as "open book decompositions" and "Lefschetz fibrations”. We provide some history on existing low-dimensional results regarding Reeb dynamics, symplectic fillings/caps of contact manifolds and explain some generalization of those results to higher dimensions via iterated planar structure. This is partly based on joint work in progress with J. Etnyre and B. Ozbagci.
Monday, April 9, 2018 - 13:55 , Location: Skiles 005 , , Department of Mathematical Sciences, Clemson University , , Organizer: Yingjie Liu
Large-scale geophysical flows, i.e. the ocean and atmosphere, evolve on spatial scales ranging from meters to thousands of kilometers, and on temporal scales ranging from seconds to decades. These scales interact in a highly nonlinear fashion, making it extremely challenging to reliably and accurately capture the long-term dynamics of these flows on numerical models. In fact, this problem is closely associated with the grand challenges of long-term weather and climate predictions. Unstructured meshes have been gaining popularity in recent years on geophysical models, thanks to its being almost free of polar singularities, and remaining highly scalable even at eddy resolving resolutions. However, to unleash the full potential of these meshes, new schemes are needed. This talk starts with a brief introduction to large-scale geophysical flows. Then it goes over the main considerations, i.e. various numerical and algorithmic choices, that one needs to make in deisgning numerical schemes for these flows. Finally, a new vorticity-divergence based finite volume scheme will be introduced. Its strength and challenges, together with some numerical results, will be presented and discussed.
Saturday, April 7, 2018 - 10:30 , Location: Skiles 005 , Graduate Students , Georgia Institute of Technology, Clemson University, Emory University, University of Alabama at Birmingham , Organizer: Tongzhou Chen
This joint SIAM student conference is organized by the SIAM Student Chapter at School of Mathematics, Georgia Tech together with SIAM chapters at Clemson University, Emory University and University of Alabama at Birmingham. Detailed schedule and information can be found at jssc.math.gatech.edu.
Friday, April 6, 2018 - 15:00 , Location: Skiles Room 202 , Günter Stolz , University of Alabama, Birmingham , Organizer: Michael Loss
Localization properties of quantum many-body systems have been a very active subject in theoretical physics in the most recent decade. At the same time, finding rigorous approaches to understanding many-body localization remains a wide open challenge. We will report on some recent progress obtained for the case of quantum spin chains, where joint work with A. Elgart and A. Klein has provided a proof of several manifestations of MBL for the droplet spectrum of the disordered XXZ chain.
Friday, April 6, 2018 - 13:05 , Location: Skiles 005 , , Georgia Tech , , Organizer: He Guo
We study the $A$-optimal design problem where we are given vectors $v_1,\ldots, v_n\in \R^d$, an integer $k\geq d$, and the goal is to select a set $S$ of $k$ vectors that minimizes the trace of $\left(\sum_{i\in S} v_i v_i^{\top}\right)^{-1}$. Traditionally, the problem is an instance of optimal design of experiments in statistics (\cite{pukelsheim2006optimal}) where each vector corresponds to a linear measurement of an unknown vector and the goal is to pick $k$ of them that minimize the average variance of the error in the maximum likelihood estimate of the vector being measured. The problem also finds applications in sensor placement in wireless networks~(\cite{joshi2009sensor}), sparse least squares regression~(\cite{BoutsidisDM11}), feature selection for $k$-means clustering~(\cite{boutsidis2013deterministic}), and matrix approximation~(\cite{de2007subset,de2011note,avron2013faster}). In this paper, we introduce \emph{proportional volume sampling} to obtain improved approximation algorithms for $A$-optimal design.Given a matrix, proportional volume sampling involves picking a set of columns $S$ of size $k$ with probability proportional to $\mu(S)$ times $\det(\sum_{i \in S}v_i v_i^\top)$ for some measure $\mu$. Our main result is to show the approximability of the $A$-optimal design problem can be reduced to \emph{approximate} independence properties of the measure $\mu$. We appeal to hard-core distributions as candidate distributions $\mu$ that allow us to obtain improved approximation algorithms for the $A$-optimal design. Our results include a $d$-approximation when $k=d$, an $(1+\epsilon)$-approximation when $k=\Omega\left(\frac{d}{\epsilon}+\frac{1}{\epsilon^2}\log\frac{1}{\epsilon}\right)$ and $\frac{k}{k-d+1}$-approximation when repetitions of vectors are allowed in the solution. We also consider generalization of the problem for $k\leq d$ and obtain a $k$-approximation. The last result also implies a restricted invertibility principle for the harmonic mean of singular values.We also show that the $A$-optimal design problem is$\NP$-hard to approximate within a fixed constant when $k=d$.
Friday, April 6, 2018 - 11:00 , Location: Skiles 006 , Hai Long Dao , University of Kansas , Organizer: Greg Blekherman
The nerve complex of an open covering is a well-studied notion. Motivated by the so-called Lyubeznik complex in local algebra, and other sources, a notion of higher nerves of a collection of subspaces can be defined. The definition becomes particularly transparent over a simplicial complex. These higher nerves can be used to compute depth, and the h-vector of the original complex, among other things. If time permits, I will discuss new questions arises from  these notions in commutative algebra, in particular a recent example of Varbaro on connectivity of hyperplane sections of a variety. This is joint work with J. Doolittle, K. Duna, B. Goeckner, B. Holmes and J. Lyle.