Georgia Institute of Technology College of Sciences

One variation of the Waring problem is to ask for the shortest non-trivial equations of the form f_1^d + ... + f_r^d = 0, under various conditions on r, d and where f_j is a binary form. In this talk I'll limit myself to quadratic forms, and show all solutions for r=4 and d=3,4,5. I'll also give tools for you to find such equations on your own. The talk will touch on topics from algebra, analysis, number theory, combinatorics and algebraic geometry and name-check such notables as Euler, Sylvester and Ramanujan, but be basically self-contained. To whet your appetite: (x^2 + xy - y^2)^3 + (x^2 - xy - y^2)^3 = 2x^6 - 2y^6.

Let K be a non-trivially valued non-Archimedean field, R its valuation subring. A formal Gubler model is a formal R-scheme that comes from a polyhedral decomposition of a tropical variety. In this talk, I will present joint work with Sam Payne in which we show that any formal model of any compact analytic domain V inside a (not necessarily projective) K-variety X can be dominated by a formal Gubler model that extends to a model of X. This result plays a central role in our work on "structure sheaves" on tropicalizations and our work on adic tropicalization. If time permits I will explain some of this work.

I will begin with a gentle introduction to hyperrings and hyperfields (originally introduced by Krasner for number-theoretic reasons), and then discuss a far-reaching generalization, Oliver Lorscheid’s theory of ordered blueprints. Two key examples of hyperfields are the hyperfield of signs S and the tropical hyperfield T. An ordering on a field K is the same thing as a homomorphism to S, and a (real) valuation on K is the same thing as a homomorphism to T. In particular, the T-points of an ordered blue scheme over K are closely related to Berkovich’s theory of analytic spaces.I will discuss a common generalization, in this language, of Descartes' Rule of Signs (which involves polynomials over S) and the theory of Newton Polygons (which involves polynomials over T). I will then introduce matroids over hyperfields (as well as certain more general kinds of ordered blueprints). Matroids over S are classically called oriented matroids, and matroids over T are also known as valuated matroids. I will explain how the theory of ordered blueprints and ordered blue schemes allow us to construct a "moduli space of matroids”, which is the analogue in the theory of ordered blue schemes of the usual Grassmannian variety in algebraic geometry. This is joint work with Nathan Bowler and Oliver Lorscheid.

In this talk, we introduce rather exotic algebraic structures called hyperrings and hyperfields. We first review the basic definitions and examples of hyperrings, and illustrate how hyperfields can be employed in algebraic geometry to show that certain topological spaces (underlying topological spaces of schemes, Berkovich analytification of schemes, and real schemes) are homeomorphic to sets of rational points of schemes over hyperfields.